☆教学过程
Step1. Before class
Play songs related to Christmas
评析:授课之日正值圣诞佳节,课前让学生听圣诞歌一为应景,二为在潜移默化中训练学生的听力,三为活跃气氛,四为课堂节省时间,五为导入作铺垫。
Step2. Lead-in
T: Merry Christmas, everyone! Did you get any Christmas gift yesterday? Well, Daisy got a toy dinosaur as a Christmas gift. If you do well in this class, you will get a gift from me, too.
评析:用Daisy得到玩具恐龙开场,既为下面复习环节创设情境,又可以自然引出恐龙话题。并且,笔者向学生许诺如果他们做得好的话,也可以得到礼物。目的是想借此激励学生积极参与课堂活动。
Step3. Revision of the newly-learned words, expressions and grammar
T: Last night, Daisy dreamed about a dinosaur. Please complete the description of her dream, using the newly-learned words and expressions.
评析:通过选词填空,完成对Daisy梦境的描述,复习已学重点词句和语法。在此环节进行分层教学:对所有学生的基本要求是做好选词填空这个练习,并校对好答案;对优生的高级要求是划出小短文中的高级词汇和句型,并通过朗读和翻译这些好词好句,与全班同学分享。这样既能加深优生对好词好句的深刻理解,也能为基础薄弱学生扫除理解障碍,使他们为最后的写作做好第一步的词句积累,也就相当于搭了第一层“脚手架”。
Step4. Reading
1. Pre-reading: Prediction and Discussion
T: Daisy wanted to know why dinosaurs disappeared from the earth. Can you tell her the reason without referring to your text? You can discuss it with your partner?
评析:读前的预测,有助于学生调动已有的知识积累,更有利于对课文的理解。
2. While-reading
T: Nice job! It seems that there are many reasons for the extinction of dinosaurs. But, Daisy wanted to find the answer by herself, so she went to the library and found the passage on P30. Now let’s have a look at it.
Task 1: Skimming
T:Please read through the passage and find out the topic sentence of each paragraph.
评析:因为文章比较简单,所以第一个要落实的目标就是掌握文章大意,理清文章结构;而找出各段中心句,就是落实这个目标的最好方法之一。
Task 2: Detailed Reading
Para1: Q: When did dinosaurs live on the earth?
Para2: Q: What might be the reasons for their dying out according to Para 2?
Para3: Q: Dinosaurs have disappeared from the earth. Then why should we learn so much about them?
评析:针对各段细节的提问,一为深入理解文章,二为引出重点词句,并落实重点词句的理解和运用。
3. After-reading:Consolidation of the new words
Basic requirement: Match the new words with their explanations
Advanced requirement: Replace the underlined words in the story of dodo with the newly-learned words and expressions.
(After checking the answers, T asks students to underline the good sentences they like in this part.)
评析:此环节设计了两个练习,主要是巩固第二篇课文中刚学的重点词汇。第一个练习是重点词汇与其英文释义的匹配题。基础较弱的学生只需做这个练习,做完之后背诵词汇意思;第二个练习,创设的情景是Daisy在查阅有关恐龙资料的过程中发现了有关渡渡鸟的资料,要求学生用刚学的词代替资料中意思相近的表达。这是词汇在句子和篇章层面的运用,要求基础较好的学生必做。这样,实现了第二次分层:基础薄弱的学生对词汇的理解有了巩固的空间,而基础较好的学生又有了能力拓展的空间,各得其所。做完之后,教师校对了两个练习的答案。第二题没做的学生也可以先把答案记下来,再让学生通读用刚学词汇替换好的文章,划出好句,为写作做进一步铺垫,也就是搭建了第二层“脚手架”。
Step5. Speaking
Task1. Preparations for speaking:
Daisy’s quiz on the yellow-bellied tragopans (黄腹角雉)
(1)Where can we find the rare birds?
A. only in China B. both at home and abroad
(2) Where are most of them living now?
A. In Baishanzu (百山祖)National Natural Protection Zone, Lishui
B. In Wuyanling(乌岩岭) Nature Reserve, Taishun
(3) How many of them are left now?
A. 2,000 B. 3,000 C. 4,000 D.5,000
(4) Why are they endangered?
A. Too many natural enemies kill them.
B. They are too dumb (迟钝的) to protect themselves from danger.
C. They are too big to fly as well as run fast.
D. Too many people hunt them without mercy.
E. Their living environment is being seriously destroyed.
评析:因学生对黄腹角雉不是很了解,设置选择题,降低了难度。通过这四个选择题的解答,既让学生了解生活在温州泰顺的濒危鸟类—黄腹角雉的现状,又为写作时描述黄腹角雉的现状提供了参考语句,让他们的写作有充实的内容。第四个问题(它们为什么濒临灭绝?)的设置,实为后面的Speaking“提出保护措施”埋下伏笔。了解灭绝原因之后,学生就能够针对这些原因,提出保护措施。这样就解决了学生对于这个话题无话可讲的难题。此步骤实为他们的“说”搭建“脚手架”。
Task2. Speaking: Group work
T: Since yellow-bellied tragopans were in danger of disappearing, Daisy wanted to write a letter to WWF for help. Can you help her give some suggestions to WWF on how to save the yellow-bellied tragopans?
评析:为了进一步帮助学生进行恰当地语言输出,在学生讨论时,笔者为学生提供了如下功能性表达:
I suggest doing sth.
I would appreciate it if WWF could…
I think it’s a good idea to …
…so that…/…in order to…/
…to teach them a lesson
…to punish those who do harm to wildlife
此教学环节,笔者进行了第三次分层:要求小组讨论时,学生进行分工。基础弱的学生贡献点子,中英文皆可,或者对刚才划出来的好词好句进行改编。基础好的学生,对本小组提出的措施进行整理,最后代表小组用完整的句子进行输出。有了充分的铺垫,又针对各个层次的学生布置不同的任务,每个学生都觉得有话可讲,小组讨论非常热烈,最后学生也能运用所学知识进行很好的口头输出。而这些口头输出的内容又将成为写作的一部分,是为写作搭建的第三层“脚手架”。
Step6. Homework: Writing (Daisy’s letter to WWF)
评析:由于课堂时间有限,笔者把最后的笔头输出变成了课后作业。但对于求助信,有些学生还是不能很好的把握行文,因此笔者给出了如下的写作要求和自我评价准则,并给了文章开头:
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